音頻科普：在手術室模擬靈長類動物中的衝突-深i科普

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音頻科普：在手術室模擬靈長類動物中的衝突

來源：中國數字科技館-科學60s

發布時間：2021-07-02

瀏覽次數：2861

音頻科普：在手術室模擬靈長類動物中的衝(chong) 突

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By analyzing 200 surgeries, anthropologists found mixed-gender operating room teams exhibited the highest levels of cooperation. Christopher Intagliata reports.

通過對200例手術案例的分析，人類學家發現男女混合手術室團隊的合作程度最高。克裏斯托弗·因塔利亞(ya) 塔報道。

撰文\播音：克裏斯托弗·因塔利亞(ya) 塔（Christopher Intagliata）

翻譯：邱燕寧

審校：張清越

When primatologists observe chimpanzees, they take note of activities like fighting, playing, touching, and grooming. And it turns out you can learn a lot about humans—we are primates, after all—by observing the same behaviors in us.

靈長類動物學家觀察黑猩猩時，會(hui) 注意到它們(men) 打架、玩耍、觸摸和梳理毛發等活動。事實證明，通過觀察人類的相同行為(wei) ，你也可以對人類有很多了解——畢竟我們(men) 也是靈長類動物。

"Not grooming, but you know, who was nice to who, who complimented who, who talked to who, who flirted with who, all those kinds of things." Laura Jones, an anthropologist at Emory University and Kaiser Permanente.

“不是指梳理毛發行為(wei) ，但你知道，誰對誰好，誰稱讚誰，誰和誰說話，誰和誰調情，諸如此類的事情。”勞拉·瓊斯，埃默裏大學(Emory University)和凱撒醫療機構(Kaiser Permanente)的人類學家說。

The primates her team studied were surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists and other staff at three U.S. hospitals. The researchers observed 200 surgeries, while logging behaviors like cursing and cowering, stomping or head shaking, joking and singing, complimenting or flirting.

她的團隊研究的靈長類動物是美國三家醫院的外科醫生、護士、麻醉師和其他工作人員。研究人員觀察了200例手術，同時記錄了諸如咒罵和畏縮、跺腳或搖頭、開玩笑和唱歌、讚美或調情等行為(wei) 。

And they found that conflict in the OR surged when male surgeons' teams were mostly male; or when female surgeons were with mostly female teams. "It would be a no-brainer if we found that all females were cooperative, but that's not what we found."

他們(men) 發現，當男主刀醫生的治療團隊大多為(wei) 男性時，或者女主刀的治療團隊大多是女性時，手術室裏的衝(chong) 突就會(hui) 激增。“如果我們(men) 發現所有的女性都有合作精神，那就再簡單不過了，但事實並非如此。”

Instead, the highest levels of cooperation occurred when a female surgeon had a male surgical team, and vice versa—perhaps, Jones says, because those mixed teams avoided male–male or female–female conflict.

相反，最高水平的合作發生在女主刀攜男性治療團隊，或完全相反時——Jones說，也許，因為(wei) 這些混合的團隊避免了男性-男性和女性-女性的衝(chong) 突。

In fact previous studies in primates--both human and non-human--have shown that competition is strongest between individuals of the same gender. The surgery findings are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Laura K. Jones et al., ]

事實上，先前對靈長類動物的研究——無論是人類還是非人類——都表明，同性個(ge) 體(ti) 之間的競爭(zheng) 最為(wei) 激烈。這些結果發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上。

"I would say the most practical thing to do at this point would be using this to affect training. And of course encourage people, both men and women, to go into all the disciplines, because right now they're heavily gendered." Perhaps by diversifying the operating room we can leave chest-beating behaviors at the door.

“我想說，在這一點上最實際的應用就是用它來影響訓練。當然，也要鼓勵人們(men) ，無論是男性還是女性，參與(yu) 所有的學科領域的工作，因為(wei) 目前領域裏性別單一性很嚴(yan) 重。”也許通過豐(feng) 富手術室裏的性別組成，我們(men) 可以把暴力行為(wei) 留在手術室外。