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音頻科普：不再讓菠蘿渣成為垃圾
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音頻科普：不再讓菠蘿渣成為垃圾
Costa Rican scientists are extracting valuable materials from the peel and stubble of pineapples.哥斯達黎加的科學家們從菠蘿的皮和切口處提取出了珍貴的化學原料。
撰文\播音：黛比·龐徹納（Debbie Ponchner）
翻譯：陳美娟
校對：張藝簫
Pineapples—just thinking about , rich in vitamin C, might make your mouth water. But have you ever stopped to think where the peel and other waste from this crop end up?
菠蘿——光是想想這種美味的富含維他命C的熱帶水果就會讓你流口水。但對於這種作物的皮和尾部被浪費的部分你會想到什麽呢？
We do here in the , the world’s largest producer of pineapples. Pineapple production generates about 4.5 million tons of crop residues every year in our Central American nation.
我們現在在哥斯達黎加，一個生產世界上最多菠蘿的小國家。每年，中美洲的菠蘿產業都會產生450萬噸的植物殘渣。
And that waste is tough stuff. The plant is made of strong cellulose that takes a long time to biodegrade. And most of it is either burnt or ends up dumped in open forests, where disease-causing mosquitoes and fungi thrive off its high sugar content.
這些作物垃圾都很硬。這種植物由致密的纖維素構成，生物分解需要花很長時間。它們多數不是被燒掉就是被扔到叢林裏，而叢林裏致病的蚊蟲和真菌靠攫取這些高糖分的內芯生存。
But hidden in pineapple peels is a treasure—of nanomaterials. Scientists at Costa Rica’s National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC) have been extracting valuable nanocellulose from the peel and stubble of the pineapple. This nanocellulose can be used in the pharmaceutical, food and medical industries.
然而，藏在菠蘿皮裏的物質是珍貴的納米材料。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術實驗室(LANOTEC)的科學家們已經在菠蘿的果皮和切口處提取出珍貴的納米纖維了。這種納米纖維可以應用到製藥、食品和醫療行業中。
And it turns out that, while harvesting that nanocellulose, you can also get rosettelike silica-based microparticles. These tiny traces have potential as reinforcement in adhesives, in the biomedical field, and even as a source of silica for fertilizers. Scientists from LANOTEC describe these applications in the journal . [Yendry R. Corrales-Ureña et al., ]
結果證明，在收獲這種納米纖維的同時還能獲得玫瑰狀的二氧化矽微粒。這些微小顆粒有潛力應用到粘合劑製造業、生物醫學領域甚至是化肥加工業。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術實驗室的科學家們將這些應用發表在《科學報告》雜誌上。
José R. Vega-Baudrit is the director of LANOTEC and one of the authors of the paper. “Pineapple residue is something that has been studied a lot, but nobody had seen this particle in the skin of the fruit.”
何塞·r.·維加-博德裏（José R. Vega-Baudrit）是哥斯達黎加國家納米技術實驗室的負責人和報告的作者之一。他說：“菠蘿肥料的應用已經被研究了很久，但沒有人曾經在這種水果的表皮發現這種物質。”
It was chemical engineer and material scientist Yendry Corrales-Ureña who noticed the silica-based microparticles.
正是身為化學工程師和材料科學家的閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納（Yendry Corrales-Ureña）發現了這種玫瑰型的二氧化矽微粒。
“I began to study the plant, to make the cuts, to see what it had, and incredibly, after doing the synthesis, I began to see those rosettes, like flowers, that did not fall apart under duress. It was wonderful. We had thousands, millions, of the same structures left over.”
“我開始研究這種植物，製造切口，觀察裏麵有什麽，然後讓我驚訝的是，做了合成之後我看到了那種像花一樣的玫瑰型物質，它不會因為碾壓而分散。這太神奇了。我們留下了千萬個有相同結構的物質。”
The pineapple silica differs from silica nanospheres that are synthesized in labs for various applications.
菠蘿二氧化矽與那些應用很廣的實驗室二氧化矽納米球不同。
YCU: “This is a silica that the pineapple plant processes on its own, and it is of very high purity.”
閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納說：“這是一種菠蘿自身合成的二氧化矽，純度很高。”
Most commercial fertilizers use silica. And Corrales-Ureña’s main interest in the rosettelike silica-based microparticles is as a fertilizer component. The next steps in that line of research will be to determine if parts other than the peels also have silica nanoparticles, and to develop an efficient fertilizer using them.
大多商用化肥含有二氧化矽。閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納主要感興趣的是玫瑰型二氧化矽微粒作為化肥原料的效用。研究計劃的下一步將會確定菠蘿除了皮之外的其他部分是否也會含有二氧化矽納米顆粒，以及怎樣利用它們研發出一種高效的化肥。
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Costa Rican scientists are extracting valuable materials from the peel and stubble of pineapples.哥斯達黎加的科學家們從菠蘿的皮和切口處提取出了珍貴的化學原料。
撰文\播音：黛比·龐徹納（Debbie Ponchner）
翻譯：陳美娟
校對：張藝簫
Pineapples—just thinking about , rich in vitamin C, might make your mouth water. But have you ever stopped to think where the peel and other waste from this crop end up?
菠蘿——光是想想這種美味的富含維他命C的熱帶水果就會讓你流口水。但對於這種作物的皮和尾部被浪費的部分你會想到什麽呢？
We do here in the , the world’s largest producer of pineapples. Pineapple production generates about 4.5 million tons of crop residues every year in our Central American nation.
我們現在在哥斯達黎加，一個生產世界上最多菠蘿的小國家。每年，中美洲的菠蘿產業都會產生450萬噸的植物殘渣。
And that waste is tough stuff. The plant is made of strong cellulose that takes a long time to biodegrade. And most of it is either burnt or ends up dumped in open forests, where disease-causing mosquitoes and fungi thrive off its high sugar content.
這些作物垃圾都很硬。這種植物由致密的纖維素構成，生物分解需要花很長時間。它們多數不是被燒掉就是被扔到叢林裏，而叢林裏致病的蚊蟲和真菌靠攫取這些高糖分的內芯生存。
But hidden in pineapple peels is a treasure—of nanomaterials. Scientists at Costa Rica’s National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC) have been extracting valuable nanocellulose from the peel and stubble of the pineapple. This nanocellulose can be used in the pharmaceutical, food and medical industries.
然而，藏在菠蘿皮裏的物質是珍貴的納米材料。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術實驗室(LANOTEC)的科學家們已經在菠蘿的果皮和切口處提取出珍貴的納米纖維了。這種納米纖維可以應用到製藥、食品和醫療行業中。
And it turns out that, while harvesting that nanocellulose, you can also get rosettelike silica-based microparticles. These tiny traces have potential as reinforcement in adhesives, in the biomedical field, and even as a source of silica for fertilizers. Scientists from LANOTEC describe these applications in the journal . [Yendry R. Corrales-Ureña et al., ]
結果證明，在收獲這種納米纖維的同時還能獲得玫瑰狀的二氧化矽微粒。這些微小顆粒有潛力應用到粘合劑製造業、生物醫學領域甚至是化肥加工業。哥斯達黎加國家納米技術實驗室的科學家們將這些應用發表在《科學報告》雜誌上。
José R. Vega-Baudrit is the director of LANOTEC and one of the authors of the paper. “Pineapple residue is something that has been studied a lot, but nobody had seen this particle in the skin of the fruit.”
何塞·r.·維加-博德裏（José R. Vega-Baudrit）是哥斯達黎加國家納米技術實驗室的負責人和報告的作者之一。他說：“菠蘿肥料的應用已經被研究了很久，但沒有人曾經在這種水果的表皮發現這種物質。”
It was chemical engineer and material scientist Yendry Corrales-Ureña who noticed the silica-based microparticles.
正是身為化學工程師和材料科學家的閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納（Yendry Corrales-Ureña）發現了這種玫瑰型的二氧化矽微粒。
“I began to study the plant, to make the cuts, to see what it had, and incredibly, after doing the synthesis, I began to see those rosettes, like flowers, that did not fall apart under duress. It was wonderful. We had thousands, millions, of the same structures left over.”
“我開始研究這種植物，製造切口，觀察裏麵有什麽，然後讓我驚訝的是，做了合成之後我看到了那種像花一樣的玫瑰型物質，它不會因為碾壓而分散。這太神奇了。我們留下了千萬個有相同結構的物質。”
The pineapple silica differs from silica nanospheres that are synthesized in labs for various applications.
菠蘿二氧化矽與那些應用很廣的實驗室二氧化矽納米球不同。
YCU: “This is a silica that the pineapple plant processes on its own, and it is of very high purity.”
閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納說：“這是一種菠蘿自身合成的二氧化矽，純度很高。”
Most commercial fertilizers use silica. And Corrales-Ureña’s main interest in the rosettelike silica-based microparticles is as a fertilizer component. The next steps in that line of research will be to determine if parts other than the peels also have silica nanoparticles, and to develop an efficient fertilizer using them.
大多商用化肥含有二氧化矽。閆德利·科拉萊斯-烏雷納主要感興趣的是玫瑰型二氧化矽微粒作為化肥原料的效用。研究計劃的下一步將會確定菠蘿除了皮之外的其他部分是否也會含有二氧化矽納米顆粒，以及怎樣利用它們研發出一種高效的化肥。
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